The ABRIDGMENT ADDENDUM 1 UPDATED

Serge Morel

P.O. Box 17222     Sarasota, FL   34276-0222

Fax:   (941) 378- 8008     e-mail:   serg@gte.net

WASHINGTON -- President Clinton today approved new guidelines for management and use of the U.S. Global Positioning System (GPS), opening the door for rapid growth in a burgeoning civil and commercial GPS market that could add 100,000 jobs to the U.S. economy and grow from $2 billion to $8 billion in annual sales by the year 2000

.     "The same technology that helped our troops succeed in Desert Storm will bring us safer air travel throughout the world, improved transportation on our roads and highways and  faster response to emergencies by rescue vehicles.  And it will help America's industries lead the world (Which one, the one Bell Canada had visited in 1978 ???)," President Clinton said.

     "Today's announcement means the creation of an entirely new, multi-billion-dollar commercial industry and thousands of new high-technology U.S. jobs, mainly in California," said Vice President Gore in releasing the new Administration policy at a White House briefing.  "It opens the door to peaceful international civil, commercial and scientific use of the GPS, and solidifies U.S. industries' lead in this important technology."

     California is the state where most of the GPS technology is produced.  Out of the 100,000 jobs expected to be created nationwide in the next five years, an estimated 50,000 will be based in CALIFORNIA

     GPS technology makes it possible for users to determine their position and navigate anywhere in the world.   GPS is increasingly vital to a wide range of civilian and commercial applications ranging from backpacking and pleasure boating to car navigation, emergency rescue, maritime shipping and international air traffic management.  The growing demand from civil, commercial, and scientific users has generated a U.S. commercial GPS equipment and service industry that leads the world.

     The new White House policy announces the U.S. Government's intention to terminate the current practice of degrading civil GPS signals within the next decade, providing a better signal for commercial and civilian users of GPS.  The policy also reaffirms U.S. commitment to providing basic GPS services, free of direct user fees, for peaceful civil, commercial and scientific users throughout the world.

     GPS originally was designed by the Department of Defense as a dual-use system with the primary purpose of enhancing the effectiveness of U.S. and allied military forces.  The basic GPS, which consists of a constellation of 24 satellites, their navigation payloads, and associated ground stations, data links, and command and control facilities, is operated and maintained by the Department of Defense.

TOME II - GLOBAL REPORT — TECHNICAL CONCEPT  — URBAN TRANSPORTATION CONTROL  — BY TELECOMMUNICATION

  GPS provides a substantial military advantage for U.S. forces and currently is being integrated into virtually every facet of U.S. military operations.
 

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Serge Morel

P.O. Box 17222     Sarasota, FL   34276-0222

Fax:   (941) 378- 8008     e-mail:   serg@gte.net

 Key to the renewed U.S. commitment to GPS is a recent Air Force statement of support for the President s policy on GPS.  According to Dr. Sheila E. Widnall, Secretary of the Air Force, The Air Force recognizes the tremendous civil and military aspects of GPS, and fully intends to maintain a 24-satellite constellation for the duration of the program.

     The GPS policy review was conducted jointly by the White House Office of Science and Technology Policy and the National Security Council and issued as a directive of the National Science and Technology Council.   A fact sheet describing the new policy is available from the Office of Science and Technology Policy; please fax your request to 202/456-6019.

     To automatically receive science and technology news announcements from the White House Office of Science and Technology Policy, email <listserv@ostp.eop.gov>.  In the body of the message, type <subscribe news your name>.  For more information about the White House Science News service, email <rborchelt@ostp.eop.gov>.

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 From the Associated Press:

WASHINGTON (Mar 29, 1996 12:21 p.m. EST) -- The Clinton administration announced today it will loosen military security restrictions and allow greater commercial use of a global navigation  system.

  In a move that Vice President Al Gore said could turn a $1 billion  industry into an $8 billion industry  in four years and create 100,000 jobs -- mostly in California -- the  administration said it can protect  military security while expanding access to the system.

  "We are harnessing power in the sky to chart a prosperous new course  on the ground," Gore said at  a White House news conference.

  Under a newly approved White House policy, the Pentagon will end in four to 10 years its practice of degrading the quality of the Global Positioning System signal available for commercial use. That practice had been designed to ensure a technological edge for U.S.  military forces. But technologies  being developed will be able to secure the military GPS system.

  As a result, a far more accurate GPS system will be available for cars, airplanes, trains, trucks, ambulances, oil tankers, even hikers.

  Using small, portable receivers to pick up satellite signals, GPS users can pinpoint their locations  anywhere in the world, even at sea, under any weather conditions.

  "Before long it's going to be very difficult to get lost," said  Charles R. Trimble, president of Trimble  Navigation Ltd. of Sunnyvale, Calif.

  Trimble's company is one of several high-tech firms in California that stands to benefit from the new policy. Trimble, whose company built the equipment used last year to recover downed fighter pilot  Scott O'Grady in Bosnia, said the White House move would open up  overseas markets to  manufacturers of GPS equipment.

  And Transportation Secretary Federico Pena said that while the policy change won’t take place immediately, the announcement gives the private sector a clear statement of where administration policy is going and clears the way for development of new commercial GPS systems.

  An official at Rockwell International Corp., which manufactures GPS receivers, said Thursday his company could do more business with airlines interested in using it as a landing aid and in planning flight routes. It also is used in car navigation.
 

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Serge Morel

P.O. Box 17222     Sarasota, FL   34276-0222

Fax:   (941) 378- 8008     e-mail:   serg@gte.net

   The news conference was the latest in a series of White House press events designed to highlight the degree to which the administration is on the Cutting edge of high-tech commercial communications developments. It included a slide show, film clips of GPS users, and an outdoor demonstration of a car fitted with GPS equipment

.  Gore said that under the new policy, the government will collect no fees from commercial users of the constellation of 24 satellites that produce the signals. The Pentagon has invested $5 billion in the satellite network and expects to spend another $5 billion by the end of the decade.

   Commercial use has been limited by the Defense Department, which developed the system and operates it, out of national security concerns. The U.S. military views the GPS technology as an important battlefield advantage. In the 1991 Persian Gulf War, for example, GPS receivers mounted on U.S. tanks and other combat vehicles enabled the Army to navigate the Iraqi desert with precision.

Among other things, the military uses GPS to provide more precise guidance to missiles and shells.

   WASHINGTON (CNN) -- Within the next decade or so, civilians might be able to find their way around by accessing the Pentagon's sophisticated global navigation system.

   The Clinton administration announced Friday that the government will remove military restrictions from Global Positioning Satellite (GPS) technology, the powerful navigation tool that has been mostly restricted to the U.S. military.

   The announcement clears the way for companies to start working on bringing the satellite technology to the general public.

   The satellite system, also known as GPS, is already in use in some commercial applications. Rescue squad vehicles have it, some aircraft and ships use it for navigation, and land surveyors are also finding GPS a helpful tool. But for the general public, GPS systems are still an expensive novelty.

   The technology has enormous untapped commercial potential -- it could lead to pocket-sized devices that will tell you where you parked your car, then tell you how to get home.

   To protect national interests, the Pentagon impairs the navigational signals released by the satellites so as to limit their use outside the military. The satellites are considered a powerful military tool, and were credited for much of the success U.S. troops enjoyed in Desert Storm, where GPS helped them navigate around the desert. GPS was also essential to the rescue of Air Force fighter pilot Scott O'Grady after he was shot down over Bosnia.

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Serge Morel

P.O. Box 17222     Sarasota, FL   34276-0222

Fax:   (941) 378- 8008     e-mail:   serg@gte.net

   But the Pentagon said that over the next decade, it would stop impairing the navigational signals, and new technology will be brought in to protect national security instead. The Clinton administration says the move should quadruple sales of the systems to $8 billion a year and create 100,000 new jobs by the end of the century.

   Moreover, the U.S. government plans to maintain the satellite network at no cost to commercial users anywhere in the world. GPS manufacturer Robert Trimble of Trimble Navigation saw that proviso as the key point in Friday's announcement.

  "The big deal about today's announcement is the assurances that are given to other foreign, sovereign powers that the U.S. intends to provide GPS free of charge for the foreseeable future to the rest of the world. This allows foreign governments to put GPS in their infrastructure, and it basically doubles the market access," said Robert Trimble of Trimble Navigation, a company that manufactures the systems.

  Unimpaired, GPS will let a person pinpoint his location anywhere in the world to within three feet (about a meter). The more accurate GPS system will be available for cars, airplanes, trains, trucks, ambulances -- and even hikers.

                                                 "Today, not many Americans know what GPS is.

                             Five years from now they won't know how they ever lived without it."

-- Transportation Secretary Federico Pena  

Vice President Al Gore drew laughter from his audience Friday when he described the future with Global Positioning Satellite systems.

       "There are women in this room who years from now, will tell their grandchildren, 'You know, when I was a young woman we didn't have these dashboard displays, and your grandfather refused to stop and ask directions,'" he said.

   The heart of the GPS industry is in California, a state whose votes are crucial to the president's re-election campaign. According to the White House, many of the new jobs will benefit that area, a fact that didn't escape President Clinton. He called California radio stations to make sure they didn't miss the message.

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Serge Morel

P.O. Box 17222     Sarasota, FL   34276-0222

Fax:   (941) 378- 8008     e-mail:   serg@gte.net

THE GPS-36

The Global Positioning Satellite (GPS) 36 was launched by the U.S. Department of Defense in March 1994 in the C-1 orbital plane.

   This satellite is a Block IIA configuration and is know as SVN36 or PRN06. GPS-36 is also configured with a small panel of optical retro reflectors, enabling it to be tracked by the international network of SLR stations.

   A primary objective of the GPS Laser Retro reflector Experiment (GPS/LRE) is to provide an independent, high-precision measurement of satellite position that, when compared with GPS pseudo ranges, can unambiguously separate satellite- position errors from onboard atomic clock errors.

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